Overview of renewable resources such as iron and steel, commonly used steel and cast iron

Ferrous metals mainly refer to iron, manganese, chromium and their alloys, such as steel, pig iron, ferroalloy, cast iron, etc. Therefore, ferrous metals are also known as iron and steel materials, which account for more than 95% of the total amount of metal materials. Iron and steel materials can be divided into cast iron and steel according to the content of carbon. Among them, iron carbon alloy with carbon content more than 2.11% is called cast iron, and iron carbon alloy with carbon content less than 2.11% is called steel. Pig iron is obtained by smelting iron ore in blast furnace. It is the raw material for steelmaking and casting. Modern steel-making method is to take pig iron as the main raw material, put it into a high-temperature steel-making furnace, reduce the carbon content in pig iron through oxidation and refine it into molten steel. After casting into ingot, it is rolled into steel for supply. A few ingots are supplied after forging. Common steel materials can be divided into carbon steel and alloy steel according to their chemical composition. Carbon steel is an iron carbon alloy with carbon content less than 2.11% and containing impurities such as silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus. Carbon steel is widely used in industrial production because of its low smelting cost and performance, which can meet the needs of general mechanical parts and engineering machinery. Alloy steel is a kind of steel that intentionally adds some elements to improve some properties of steel on the basis of carbon steel. Alloy steel has many properties that carbon steel does not have. It is often used to produce important parts working under special conditions, and the dosage is increasing day by day.

Cast iron is an iron carbon alloy with a mass fraction of carbon greater than 2.11%. Cast iron used in industrial production is a multicomponent iron-based alloy mainly composed of iron, carbon and silicon. In terms of chemical composition, the main difference between cast iron and steel is that the content of carbon and silicon is high, and there are more impurity elements sulfur and phosphorus. The general composition range of cast iron commonly used in industry is: carbon content of 2.5% ~ 4.0%, silicon content of 1.0% ~ 3.1%, manganese content of 0.5% ~ 1.4%, phosphorus content of 0.01% ~ 0.50%, sulfur content of 0.02% ~ 0.20%. A certain amount of alloy elements can also be added to cast iron to form alloy cast iron, so as to improve the mechanical properties or physical and chemical properties of cast iron. Because cast iron has good castability, shock absorption, high wear resistance and machinability, simple production process and low cost, it has always been an important engineering material in industrial production. It is widely used in industrial departments such as machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, mining, petrochemical industry, transportation, construction and national defense. According to statistics, among all kinds of machinery, iron castings account for 45% ~ 90% of the total weight of machines, and 80% ~ 90% of the total weight of machine tools and heavy machinery. The typical application of cast iron is to manufacture the bed of machine tool, cylinder, cylinder sleeve and crankshaft of internal combustion engine. In metallurgical industry, ordinary cast iron, alloy nodular cast iron and high chromium composite cast iron are widely used in the manufacture of all kinds of rolls
Common steel materials can be divided into carbon steel and alloy steel according to their chemical composition. Carbon steel is an iron carbon alloy with carbon content less than 2.11% and containing impurities such as silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus. Carbon steel is widely used in industrial production because of its low smelting cost and performance, which can meet the needs of general mechanical parts and engineering machinery. Alloy steel is a kind of steel that intentionally adds some elements to improve some properties of steel on the basis of carbon steel. Alloy steel has many properties that carbon steel does not have. It is often used to produce important parts working under special conditions, and the dosage is increasing day by day.